abstract：:The STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) protein connects microorganism cytosolic sensing with effector functions of the host cell by sensing directly cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), originating from pathogens or from the host upon DNA recognition. Although STING activation favors effective immune responses against vir...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Marinho FV,Benmerzoug S,Oliveira SC,Ryffel B,Quesniaux VFJ

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal gene transfer can provide bacteria with new functions that confer an important competitive advantage, and is therefore likely to affect the dynamics of bacterial ecosystems. Two studies by Wolfe et al. and Bonham et al. prepare the way to study this hypothesis in a model ecosystem with reproducible properti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van de Guchte M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of quality control mechanisms to stall developmental pathways or completely remove defective cells from a population is a widespread strategy to ensure the integrity of morphogenetic programs. Endospore formation (sporulation) is a well conserved microbial developmental strategy in the Firmicutes phylum wherei...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Decker AR,Ramamurthi KS

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past two decades infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria have escalated world-wide, affecting patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Among these bacteria, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis represent opportunistic nosocomial pathogens that cause difficult-to-treat infections ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van Harten RM,Willems RJL,Martin NI,Hendrickx APA

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria have evolved complex regulatory networks to control the activity of transcription and translation, and thus the growth rate, over a range of environmental conditions. Reengineering RNA polymerase and ribosomes allows modifying naturally evolved regulatory networks and thereby profoundly reorganizing the manne...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： de Jong H,Geiselmann J,Ropers D

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are zoonotic pathogens that originated in wild animals. HCoVs have large genomes that encode a fixed array of structural and nonstructural components, as well as a variety of accessory proteins that differ in number and sequence even among closely related C...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Forni D,Cagliani R,Clerici M,Sironi M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to Candida albicans, but Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, designated as non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC), have been identified as frequent human pathogens. Moreover, Candida biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significan...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Araújo D,Henriques M,Silva S

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An individual's microbiome is likely to be an important contributor to certain health disparity diseases and conditions. We present a framework to study the role of the microbiome and the multiple factors that are likely to influence differences in disease predisposition, onset, and progression at the individual and p...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Findley K,Williams DR,Grice EA,Bonham VL

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracytoplasmic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (TDORs) catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds. Although these processes have been characterized in Gram-negative bacteria, the majority of Gram-positive TDORs have only recently been discovered. Results from recent studies have ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Davey L,Halperin SA,Lee SF

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxin production clearly contributes to the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus, but that does not mean it is always in the best interest of the pathogen. Indeed, the ability to limit toxin production may provide an important mechanism for persistence, dissemination, and development of invasive disease within an ind...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Smeltzer MS

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initial hepatitis B virus (HBV) attachment occurs via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which then trigger receptor-mediated internalization. Although HSPGs express in many tissues, HBV is destined for hepatotropic infection. A recent paper by Seitz et al. proposed that the slow viral maturation process plays a c...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Watashi K

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer progression begins when malignant cells colonize adjacent sites, and it is characterized by increasing tumor heterogeneity, invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. Clinically, progression is the most relevant stage in the natural history of cancers. A given virus is usually regarded as oncogenic because of ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Elgui de Oliveira D,Müller-Coan BG,Pagano JS

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria and fungi in buildings exert an influence on the human microbiome through aerosol deposition, surface contact, and human and animal interactions. As the identities and functions of beneficial human microbes emerge, the consequences of building design, operation, and function must be understood to maintain the...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Peccia J,Kwan SE

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RIG-I-like receptors detect cytosolic viral RNA and activate an antiviral innate immune response. A new study employs the one STrEP-purification technique and next generation sequencing to characterize physiological ligands in an infected cell. The view of all three RLRs bound to viral RNAs shows specialization, colla...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lässig C,Hopfner KP

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of AAD; however, only approximately 25% of all AAD cases are associated with C. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undete...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Larcombe S,Hutton ML,Lyras D

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In nongrowing microbes, proteome turnover is reduced and identification of newly synthesized, low-abundance proteins is challenging. Babin and colleagues recently utilized bio-orthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) to identify actively synthesized proteins in nongrowing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, discovering...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Henry TC,Brynildsen MP

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The SOS response is an essential process for responding to DNA damage in bacteria. The expression of SOS genes is under the control of LexA, a global transcription factor that undergoes self-cleavage during stress to allow the expression of DNA repair functions and delay cell division until the damage is rectified. Le...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Fornelos N,Browning DF,Butala M

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human influenza viruses cause regular epidemics and occasional pandemics with a substantial public health burden. Household transmission studies have provided valuable information on the dynamics of influenza transmission. We reviewed published studies and found that once one household member is infected with influenz...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Tsang TK,Lau LLH,Cauchemez S,Cowling BJ

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deeper understanding of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) should help in the design of new antibacterial agents. Over several decades, a variety of biochemical assays have been applied to bulk bacterial cultures. While some of these bulk assays provide time resolution of t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Choi H,Rangarajan N,Weisshaar JC

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal pathogens pose serious threats to human, plant, and ecosystem health. Improved diagnostics and antifungal strategies are therefore urgently required. Here, we review recent developments in online bioinformatic tools and associated interactive data archives, which enable sophisticated comparative genomics and fu...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Cairns TC,Studholme DJ,Talbot NJ,Haynes K

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial type IV pilus (T4P) is a versatile molecular machine with a broad range of functions. Recent advances revealed that the molecular components and the biophysical properties of the machine are well conserved among phylogenetically distant bacterial species. However, its functions are diverse, and include a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Maier B,Wong GCL

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Across a range of pathogens, resistance to chemotherapy is a growing problem in both public health and animal health. Despite the ubiquity of coinfection, and its potential effects on within-host biology, the role played by coinfecting pathogens on the evolution of resistance and efficacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Birger RB,Kouyos RD,Cohen T,Griffiths EC,Huijben S,Mina MJ,Volkova V,Grenfell B,Metcalf CJE

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial phenotypes are predominantly studied in culture because detection of their specific metabolic pathways in the host is challenging. Development of stable-isotope breath tests, allowing in situ phenotype analyses, may endow diagnostics with new modalities based upon direct monitoring of in vivo microbial metab...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Timmins GS

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that spatially regulate cytokinesis are more diverse than initially thought. In two recent publications a positive regulator of FtsZ positioning has been identified in Streptococcus pneumoniae. MapZ (LocZ) connects the division machinery with cell wall elongation, providing a simple mechanism to ensure ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bramkamp M

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional regulation enables adaptation in bacteria. Typically, only a few transcriptional events are well understood, leaving many others unidentified. The recent genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has changed this by deciphering a molecular road-map o...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Baloni P,Chandra N

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial rhodopsins are the photoreceptive membrane proteins found in diverse microorganisms from within Archaea, Eubacteria, and eukaryotes. They have a hep-tahelical transmembrane structure that binds to an all-trans retinal chromophore. Since 2000, thousands of proteorhodopsins, genes of light-driven proton pump r...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Inoue K,Kato Y,Kandori H

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial dormancy is a widespread phenomenon employed by bacteria to evade environmental threats including antibiotics. This intrinsic mechanism of antibiotic tolerance has drawn special attention to the role of dormancy in human disease, particularly in regards to recurrent infections. Two dormancy states, the viabl...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ayrapetyan M,Williams TC,Oliver JD

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing availability of whole-genome sequence (WGS) data for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), suggests that circulating genotypes have been molded by three dominant evolutionary forces: long-term persistence within the human population, which requires a core programme of ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Warner DF,Koch A,Mizrahi V

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fungus Candida albicans is a benign member of the mucosal microbiota, but can cause mucosal infections and life-threatening disseminated invasive infections in susceptible individuals. The ability to switch between yeast, pseudohyphal, and hyphal growth forms (polymorphism) is one of the most investigated virulenc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lu Y,Su C,Liu H

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Passive immunization studies, including a recent one by Pegu et al., have repeatedly shown that HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) protect rhesus macaques from HIV acquisition. In vitro neutralization potency and in vivo protection correlate very strongly, supporting the quest for an HIV vaccine that...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van Gils MJ,Sanders RW

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most membrane-anchored histidine kinases (HKs) of bacterial two-component systems (2CSs) contain an extracellular input domain that is thought to be responsible for sensing an environmental cue. By contrast, intramembrane-sensing HKs (IM-HKs) lack a sensory domain and cannot perceive their stimuli directly. Instead, a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Mascher T

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role during the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 infection is affected by cellular proteins that influence the clustering of viral receptors or the subcortical actin cytoskeleton. Several of these actin-adaptor proteins are controlled by the second m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rocha-Perugini V,Gordon-Alonso M,Sánchez-Madrid F

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) being a key etiologic factor of this devastating disease. In this article, we describe modern advances in the genomics and transcriptomics of cervical cancer that led to uncovering the key gene drivers. We also introduce, herein, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Shulzhenko N,Lyng H,Sanson GF,Morgun A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in almost all aspects of plant life, including defending against pathogens. Although the proteasome is important for plant immunity, it has been found to be also exploited by pathogens using effectors to increase their virulence. Recent work on...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Dudler R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses of the Mononegavirales have helical nucleocapsids containing a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome complexed with the nucleoprotein and several other virus-encoded proteins. This RNA-protein complex acts as the template for replication and transcription during infection. Recent structural data has advanc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Booth TF,Rabb MJ,Beniac DR

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human virome is the viral component of the microbiome. Its composition, and interindividual and temporal variability are not precisely known. Its impact on human health has received less attention than that of the bacterial microbiome, but is likely to be equally important, both in homeostasis and disease. Here we...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lecuit M,Eloit M

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than 70 years electron microscopy (EM) techniques have played an important role in investigating structures of enveloped viruses. By contrast, use of fluorescence microscopy (FM) methods for this purpose was limited by the fact that the size of virus particles is generally around or below the diffraction limi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Müller B,Heilemann M

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detection of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for the host to mount an appropriate immune response, which for viruses involves the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). By contrast, inappropriate activation of PRRs by self nucleic acids can lead to autoimmunity. Rec...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gürtler C,Bowie AG

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to different virulent phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes the worms an excellent model for studying host-pathogen interactions. Including the recently described liquid killing, five different killing assays are now available offering superb possibilities for performi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Utari PD,Quax WJ

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophages are viruses of bacteria that are used for controlling bacterial food-borne pathogens and have been proposed for more extensive usage in infection control. Protists are now recognised to harbour viruses and virus-like particles. We propose that investigation of their prevalence in parasites be intensifie...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hyman P,Atterbury R,Barrow P

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00